I find that (for me) if I try to use a combox for longer comments, I get off track, distracted and I miss things. For me, it is easier to just make a new post.
So, these questions are from a comment in a previous post, "Mutual Submission"
1. I am assuming then that you are getting the idea of the husband being the “rightful authority” from Ephesians 5 and 1 Cor. via the word, “head?”
Not necessarily. The vast majority of times that "head" / kephale is used in the New Testament it means literal head. The rest of the times we have to, we must look to context.
Matthew 21:42 uses kephale:
"'The stone that the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone;
this was the Lord’s doing,
and it is marvelous in our eyes'?
Is a cornerstone a symbol of unity, or foundation or leadership? Or all three?
Since this verse is referencing Psalms 118: 22,23, what is the word used for cornerstone and how is that word used in other places? It is used for source of a river, a literal head of a body and to indicate a ruler/chief.
Moses chose able men out of all Israel and made them heads over the people, chiefs of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens.(ex 18:25)
I'm only looking for a indications of how a word was used; In English a single word can have different meanings, so it is with this kephale.
1 Cor. 11 and Eph. 5 both use head to reference the husband as head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church. Is this a metaphor for unity or for leadership (or both)?
Kephale is used twice in Ephesians prior to chapter 5.
(Eph 1: 21-23 ...far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and above every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come. And he put all things under his feet and gave him as head over all things to the church, which is his body, the fullness of him who fills all in all.
Is this a metaphor for unity or leadership?
Colossians 2:9,10 For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily, and you have been filled in him, who is the head of all rule and authority.
Is kephale in this passage a metaphor for unity or leadership?
In context, the Eph 5 passage reads:
Wives, submit to your own husbands, as to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife even Christ is the head of the church, his body, and is himself its Savior. Now as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit in everything to their husbands.
It starts out, wives, submit to your husbands. Why? Because he is your head.
How should they submit? As the church submits to Christ.
- wives submit to your husband
- because
- the husband is the head of the wife
- as Christ is the head of the church
- now (so)
- as the church submits to Christ
- so wives submit should submit to their husbands.
Is this a metaphor for unity, for leadership or both?
(NOTE: I believe that wives should not follow their husbands into sin or stand by them and allow them to sin. We belong to a perfect God who would not expect us to follow Him into sin)
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2. You mentioned structure vs a sinner w/in the structure. Do you think the head/body analogy was given to emphasize rightful *structure*, to show us who is the leader in the relationship?
When you look at the bullet points above we see the what (submit) the because (the husband is the head) the therefore (as the church submits to Christ) then what (wives should submit to their husbands.
- What is structure? husbands are the head of their wives as Christ is the head of the church.
- what happens as a result of the structure> wives submit to their husbands as the church submits to Christ.
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3. Do the other (2) examples of Head/Body in Ephesians support this view of the analogy?
Head as leader? The one is chapter one does.
(Eph 1: 21-23 ...far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and above every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come. And he put all things under his feet and gave him as head over all things to the church, which is his body, the fullness of him who fills all in all.
The chapter four use is a metaphor for unity in the body, but not a metaphor for marriage.
Rather, speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, into Christ, from whom the whole body, joined and held together by every joint with which it is equipped, when each part is working properly, makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love.
This does also not rule out the metaphor being about leadership AND unity (given the metaphor of "head" in chapter 1)
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4. Do the other (2) examples given in 1 Corinthians 11 support this view, too?
Since that chapter is about the differences in how men and women should pray and prophesy in worship, it's hard not to read in gender roles and differences.
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5. Did the people in the Jewish and Roman/Greek culture think of a human’s head as the part of the person that was the authority?
If in both the Old and New Testaments have examples where the same word is used for the literal head and leadership, it would be reasonable to read the possibility that those cultures at least accepted the metaphor.
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6. Was Paul supporting the *authority structure* of slavery when he gave instructions to masters and slaves in Ephesians and Colossians?
The difference is that Christ and the church were never used as a parallel for masters and slaves. Slavery is not a "mystery", marriage is.
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7. If not, why didn’t Paul just flat out give orders to abolish the structure of slavery? Wasn’t he catering to culture by not just saying outright that it was a less-than-best system?
Daniel B. Wallace writes:
One of the implications of this has to do with the NT authors' strategy on slavery: Should Paul tell the slaves to rebel? Could he write an emancipation proclamation? When we think through this issue, it is plain that the NT writers simply could not outright condemn slavery (the disastrous results of Spartacus' rebellion [in spite of the Hollywood portrayal] would have been etched in their minds). Further, to whom would such a directive be pointed? To the pagan masters? They do not place themselves under God's law and are not a part of his kingdom program. Paul's exhortations to them would be meaningless. To the slaves? They are powerless to bring about their own freedom apart from overt actions (e.g., rebellion, running away). Further, such actions hardly comported with the gospel: change is to take place from the inside out, not from imposition on social structures. (The one exception to this had to do with ultimate allegiance and worship: civil disobedience was always encouraged when it came to having to choose between Christ and Caesar.)
Paul's letters are written to Christians, not unbelievers - he addresses Christians in marriages, Christians in slavery, Christians as master - and gives instructions to all of them.